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Reduce the use of toxics in your home...
and responsibly dispose of what waste you do generate.

Chemical-Free Healthy Yard

Ways to have a healthy lawn and garden without the use of chemicals
This page contains helpful resources and recipes for tending your lawn and garden with the minimum use of chemicals.

LINKS TO BETTER RESOURCES

BUILDING SOIL
  • Test Your Soil
  • Use Compost
  • Use Organic Fertilizers
                                                 
    REPEL DISEASE & PESTS
  • Co-planting
  • Mole Repellant
  • Slug Traps
  • Aphid Control
  • Snail, Caterpillar Repellant
  • Protection from Birds
  • Earwig Traps
  • Deer-Repelling Fences
  • Insecticide Garlic Spray
  • Insecticide Soap Spray
  • Hot Pepper Spray
  • Fungicide/Powdery Mildew Spray
  • Cutworm Removal

    WEED CONTROL
  • Compost as Mulch
  • BurnOut vs. RoundUp
  • It's that time of year when winter dreams of gardens and green grass are soon to become reality.

    Before getting your hands in the soil or contacting lawn service companies, the Upper Valley Household Hazardous Waste Committee would like our neighbors to know that there are potential health and environmental dangers when using chemical pesticides and fertilizers. A recent study by Purdue University made a clear and direct link between the use of lawn chemicals and cancer rates among dogs. Scottish Terriers that were exposed to chemically treated lawns were 4 to 7 times more likely to contract cancer than those that weren't. This is a particularly frightening thought as children are as likely to spend time rolling and playing in the summer grass as any Scottish Terrier.

    We are concerned about the level of toxins already in the environment -- all of which ultimately find their way into our bodies. No one is completely safe from this danger either, not even unborn babies. Last year, the nonprofit organization, the Environmental Working Group, took blood samples from umbilical-cords of unborn children found that the samples contained an average of 287 contaminants, including among other things mercury, fire retardants, lawn chemicals and PFOA, a chemical released from Teflon pans.

    Although the lawn chemical companies would like use to think otherwise, it is possible to maintain a healthy and good looking lawn without the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Simple steps like mowing high, leaving your clippings on your lawn as a natural fertilizer and annual lime (a natural rock powder) applications can help you achieve your field of dreams. If you're set on using a local lawn service, look for one that uses 100% organic methods. In the garden, making sure the soil is healthy is the first step to prevent problems.


    Links to Better Resources

    Learn more about building a beautiful lawn without being beholden to the chemical cycle.


    Build Your Soil

    TEST YOUR SOIL. A soil test is a great first step in building soils that will promote healthy plants and discourage disease and pests. Here's where to get soil tests and further information:

    UNH Analytical Services Lab
    603-862-3200

    UVM Agricultural and Environmental Testing Lab
    802-656-3030 or 800-244-6402

    USE COMPOST. Compost builds the soil's capacity to hold moisture, resist disease, and a myriad other positive attributes. Compost can be used as a soil amendment as well as a mulch. Local places to get compost:

    1. Vermont Compost Company
      c/o Woodstock Recycling and Refuse, Woodstock.
      (802) 457-1807
      email (change "-at-" to "@"): sales-at-vermontcompost.com
    2. Norwich, Killdeer Farm 649-2916
    3. Thetford, Cedar Circle Farm 785-4737
    4. WRJ, Upper Valley Co-op 295-5804
    5. Woodstock Farmer's Market 457-3658
    6. Hartland, John Madden 802-295-6907
    7. Norwich, Jay Van Arman 649-1723
    8. Norwich, Jeff Bogey 802-649-1092
    9. Meriden, Kevin McNamara 469-3582

    USE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS. Organic fertilizers can add nutrients to your soil without the use of manufactured chemicals. Most are available at your local garden center.

    • Pro-Gro
    • Moo-Doo


    Repel Disease and Pests

    CO-PLANTING
    Planting marigolds and/or nasturtiums among beans, spinach, tomatoes, and celery will help repel root nematodes and other insects.

    MOLE REPELLANT
    Mix one tablespoon of castor oil (available at local pharmacies) with 2 tablespoons of liquid soap in a blender until it gets stiff like shaving cream. Then mix in 6 tablespoons of water. Use 2 ounces of this mixture in 2 gallons of water in a watering can, and sprinkle on the lawn. When you buy the castor oil, make sure it is the old fashioned type, not the new, improved de-scented type.

    SLUG TRAPS
    Small tuna can filled with beer, bury part-way into ground near plants. Slugs slither in to sip and drown.

    APHID CONTROL
    Encourage ladybugs! Both adult beetles and larvae have enormous appetites for aphids. Also, control aphid-loving weeds, such as lamb's quarters, in and around gardens.

    If only a few plant leaves are affected, either remove the leaves or crush the aphids by rubbing infested leaves between thumb and forefinger. Spreading sheets of aluminum foil around base of plants to reflect sunlight onto the undersides of leaves may discourage winged female aphids from laying eggs. Directing a hard stream or spray of water at plants early in the day will remove many aphids from infested plants.

    Aphids are attracted to yellow. Fill bright yellow plastic containers with water to trap and drown large numbers of aphids.

    SNAILS, CATERPILLARS AND APHIDS
    Toss 3 garlic heads and 6 tablespoons mineral oil in blender, mix until smooth. Let mixture stand at room temperature for 48 hours. Add to a solution of 1 pint hot water and 1 tablespoon oil-base soap. Pour into screw top jars and refrigerate. Two tablespoons added to 4 pints (one-half gallon) water makes a potent spray.

    PROTECTION FROM BIRDS
    Fruit vines and berry bushes, drape old sheer curtains over vines and bushes.

    EARWIG TRAPS
    Roll a dampened newspaper into a tight cylinder. Place near infected plant(s). Should be full of earwigs in a couple days. Crush or burn.

    DEER-REPELLING FENCES
    Make a string fence with chunks of Irish Spring soap tied at intervals. This may or may not be effective. Some say the only thing you can do is build an 8-foot high fenceÓ

    INSECT GARLIC SPRAY
    1 Garlic bulb, 2 cups water, 1 gallon water
    Take an entire garlic bulb and two cups of water and blend in blender. Mix at high speed for 1-2 minutes. Pour into a container and set aside for up to one day. Strain liquid through cheese cloth. Mix liquid with one gallon of water apply liberally on top and bottom of leaves.

    INSECT SOAP SPRAY
    Liquid dish detergent.
    Put 1 tablespoon of dish detergent per gallon into a sprayer. Apply liberally on top and bottom of leaves. Re-apply after rain or one to two weeks.

    HOT PEPPER SPRAY
    6 hot peppers (the hotter the better), 2 cups water, 1 quart water. Put hot peppers and two cups of water into a blender. Mix at high speed for 1-2 minutes. Pout into a container and set aside for up to one day. Strain liquid through a cheese cloth. Add liquid into a one quart container. Fill container to top with water. Apply liberally to plants. Re-apply every week to two weeks or after a rain.

    FUNGICIDE/POWDERY MILDEW SPRAY
    1 gallon water, 3 tablespoons baking soda, 1 tablespoon bleach, 1 teaspoon dishwashing liquid. Snip and remove leaves that are worst affected. Mix ingredients with water. Spray remaining leaves top and undersides. Apply a heavier dose on leaves that have signs of infection and only lightly on unaffected leaves as bleach can actually harm and discolor the leaves. Extremely important: do not use too much bleach! Use no more than 1 part bleach to 10 parts water. We hesitate to recommend using bleach as it can harm your plants if too much is applied. Use it at your own risk and try to avoid spraying it on healthy leaves.

    CUTWORM REMOVAL
    To determine if cutworms are present, look for signs of freshly cut plants. Take a flashlight at night to search the base of the plant and the top layer of soil for cutworms. Handpick any cutworms you find and squash them or drown them in a bucket of soapy water. Other methods include controlling weeds in the fall, collaring plants an inch into the soil and 2 inches above, or put diatomaceous earth around the seedling to cut and dehydrate cutworms.


    Weed Control

    COMPOST AS MULCH
    Spread 2 to 6 inches of compost as a mulch over your garden instead of bark mulch. The compost does as good a job at keeping the weeds down, while also adding to your soil.

    BURNOUT INSTEAD OF ROUNDUP
    BurnOut, an all natural grass and weed killer, is made from vinegar (acetic acid), clove oil, lemon, and other natural plant oils. Use it on walkways and other places where weeds are growing where they shouldn't.


    Upper Valley Household Hazardous Waste Committee
    c/o Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission
    30 Bank St, Lebanon, NH 03766-1756
    (603) 448-1680